The story of Labor Day dates back to the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, marked by rapid industrialization and the rise of factories. As industries grew, so did the demand for labor, leading to longer working hours, unsafe conditions, and meager wages. Workers, often including children, toiled in challenging environments, enduring grueling shifts that sometimes extended to 12 hours or more.
Amidst these harsh circumstances, labor unions and worker organizations began to emerge, advocating for better treatment and improved working conditions. One pivotal moment in the labor movement's history was the Haymarket affair in 1886 in Chicago, when a peaceful rally advocating for an eight-hour workday turned violent, resulting in several deaths and injuries. This event galvanized support for workers' rights and eventually led to an annual day to honor laborers.
In 1887, Oregon became the first state in the United States to recognize Labor Day as a public holiday. Subsequently, more states followed suit, and in 1894, Labor Day was designated a federal holiday by President Grover Cleveland and this holiday served as a tribute to the contributions of workers and a reminder of the need to continue advocating for fair wages, reasonable working hours, and safe working conditions. Today, Labor Day is celebrated on the first Monday of September in the United States. It is a time for parades, picnics, and festivities that honor the labor movement's achievements and workers' contributions to society.